In article <t15rsh$2qu36$195@news.freedyn.de>
<governor.swill@gmail.com> wrote:
>
> ...Put these fucking faggots in jail. Enough is enough.
>

new study is raising concerns about the effectiveness of the
monkeypox vaccine being used in the United States and other
parts of the world.

The work, which has not yet been peer-reviewed, found that two
doses of the vaccine induced relatively low levels of
neutralizing antibodies against the monkeypox virus, and those
antibodies had poor neutralizing capacity.

The researchers noted the so-called correlates of protection �
what is needed, in terms of immune system weaponry, to be
protected against monkeypox � are not known. Still, the evidence
of low levels of neutralizing antibodies raises questions about
how much protection is generated by two doses of the vaccine,
marketed as Jynneos in the U.S. and made by the Danish
manufacturer Bavarian Nordic.

�At this moment it is unclear what the relatively low [monkeypox
virus] neutralizing titers mean for protection against disease
and transmissibility,� the researchers, from Erasmus Medical
Center in Rotterdam, the Netherlands, wrote.

Related: 10 key questions about monkeypox the world needs to
answer
But one of the senior authors of the paper said what is clear is
that people being administered this vaccine ought to be cautious
about assuming they are protected against infection.

�The expectation is not that this will provide sterilizing
immunity,� said Marion Koopmans, who heads Erasmus� department
of viroscience, referring to the type of immunity that will
block infection.

Koopmans added that controlling the outbreak will require a
suite of transmission-reducing tools, including isolation of
cases, tracing and quarantining of contacts, and vaccination of
people who have been exposed to the virus or are at high risk of
exposure.

Inger Damon, who heads the division of high-consequence
pathogens and pathology at the Centers of Disease Control and
Prevention, said that studying how much protection the vaccine
offers is critical, especially given that many of the people
contracting it may be becoming infected via exposure of mucus
membranes to infectious lesions. Mucus membranes are more
delicate than skin, potentially allowing a larger dose of virus
to infect an exposed individual.

�I think this is something that we have to very carefully
follow, and we need to really be very forthright in helping the
community who is at risk to understand what the limitations of
our knowledge is,� Damon told STAT earlier this week in an
interview.

On Friday, she said Koopmans had shared the data in the study
with the CDC before it was posted online.

�Foundational to all of this will be to understand the
progression of disease and the immune response to disease with
the different routes of infection that we believe we are
seeing,� Damon said in an email. �This is complicated, and will
require concerted, coordinated, and collaborative efforts to
find the right solutions to stop the spread of disease. Good
health communications, and effective harm reduction messages are
going to be integral.�

The Erasmus study suggests, among other things, that a one-dose
regimen seems to be inadequate to induce protection.

�The second vaccination is important for reaching detectable
antibody levels, as individuals in a single-shot regimen hardly
developed antibody responses four and eight weeks after
vaccination,� the researchers wrote.

The study also casts a shadow over the recent decision by the
U.S. government and others to stretch vaccine supplies by giving
people one-fifth of a regular dose � and to do so by intradermal
(into the skin) rather than subcutaneous (under the skin)
injection. Intradermal administration, which requires smaller
doses to be protective, has been shown to be effective in other
disease outbreaks with other types of vaccine.

The decision to use this dose-sparing approach � which allows up
to five people to be vaccinated with the amount of vaccine
normally used for one � was largely based on a small study that
compared immune responses generated by two fractional doses
given intradermally to two full doses given subcutaneously. They
were deemed to be comparable.

But Koopmans and her colleagues saw another result in an earlier
Erasmus study that tested fractional doses of a bird flu vaccine
using the same vaccine backbone as the Bavarian Nordic product.

Jynneos uses a modified vaccinia virus � called MVA, the same
attenuated virus formerly used to vaccinate against the now-
eradicated smallpox � to teach the immune system to be on guard
for monkeypox, a related virus.

The same MVA backbone was used in an experimental vaccine to
protect against H5N1 bird flu. There, the two fractional doses
generated lower amounts of antibodies than the full doses did,
the researchers reported.

�This same trial indicates that dose-sparing � has a negative
effect on the serological outcome of vaccination,� they wrote.

It should be noted that in that trial, the fractional doses were
administered by intramuscular injections, not intradermal.
Koopmans said the group is planning to test whether intradermal
vaccine administration would improve results, once it has been
cleared to conduct the study.

Asked if she thought public health authorities should rethink
giving fractional doses of monkeypox vaccine, she wrote: �I
think it requires testing.�

So does Michael Osterholm, director of the University of
Minnesota�s Center for Infectious Diseases Research and Policy.
Osterholm thought the move to fractional dosing was made too
quickly, based on too little data.

�I realize in a public health crisis, sometimes you have to make
decisions with imperfect information,� he said after reading the
Erasmus study. �But this is the kind of data that I think
everyone needs to take a step back now and say: What does this
mean for what we�re doing right now?�

�They don�t have a lot of other tools,� he acknowledged. �But at
the same time, if the tool you�re using isn�t adequate to do the
job, then you have to consider that. Do we need to go back to
full dose?�

Osterholm and others expressed concern that people getting the
vaccine will conclude they have a level of protection that they
may not have.

https://www.statnews.com/2022/09/02/study-raises-concerns-about-
the-effectiveness-of-the-monkeypox-vaccine/